Master Nursing: Essential Clinical Case Studies for Professional Exams

Sharpen Your Knowledge on Patient Safety and Core Procedures

1. Scenario: A patient is being treated for a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with a continuous Heparin infusion. The nurse notes the patient has developed sudden epistaxis (nosebleed) and hematuria.

Which medication should the nurse anticipate the physician will order?

A. Vitamin K

B. Protamine Sulfate

C. Enoxaparin

D. Warfarin

Rationale: Protamine Sulfate (B) is the specific antidote for Heparin. Vitamin K is for Warfarin overdose.

2. Scenario: An elderly patient with limited mobility is at risk for pressure ulcers. The nurse is planning care.

What is the most effective nursing intervention to prevent skin breakdown?

A. Massaging reddened bony prominences.

B. Using a donut-shaped cushion when sitting.

C. Repositioning the patient at least every 2 hours.

D. Applying high-alcohol content lotions to dry skin.

Rationale: Repositioning (C) relieves pressure, which is the primary cause of ulcers. Massaging (A) can cause deep tissue damage.

3. Scenario: During a blood transfusion, the patient complains of chills, lower back pain, and has a temperature spike.

What is the immediate priority action?

A. Slow the infusion rate.

B. Notify the doctor immediately.

C. Stop the transfusion and disconnect the tubing.

D. Administer an antipyretic as per standing orders.

Rationale: These are signs of a Hemolytic Reaction. You must Stop the transfusion (C) immediately to prevent further damage.

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