Paracentesis (Abdominal Tapping): Procedure, Indications, and Nursing Care

What is Paracentesis?

Paracentesis is a clinical procedure in which a needle or catheter is inserted into the peritoneal cavity (abdominal cavity) to remove accumulated fluid, known as Ascites. This procedure can be performed for both diagnostic purposes (to analyze the fluid) and therapeutic purposes (to relieve pressure and discomfort).

Indications (Why it is done?)

Diagnostic: To determine the cause of ascites (e.g., liver cirrhosis, cancer, or infection like spontaneous bacterial peritonitis).

Therapeutic: To remove a large amount of fluid to relieve abdominal pain, respiratory distress, or pressure caused by massive ascites.

Procedure Overview

Preparation: The patient is usually asked to empty their bladder to avoid injury during the needle insertion.

Positioning: The patient is typically placed in a semi-Fowler’s or supine position.

Site Selection: Usually, the lower quadrant of the abdomen is chosen, often using ultrasound guidance for safety.

Aseptic Technique: The area is cleaned with an antiseptic solution, and local anesthesia is applied.

Fluid Removal: A needle or trocar is inserted, and fluid is collected in containers or drainage bags.

Nursing Responsibilities (Key for Exams/Practice)

Pre-procedure: Obtain informed consent, check vital signs, and ensure the patient has voided.

During procedure: Monitor the patient's heart rate and blood pressure for signs of shock (hypovolemia) if a large volume of fluid is removed.

Post-procedure: Apply a sterile dressing to the puncture site, monitor for fluid leakage, and record the color, clarity, and amount of fluid removed.

Common Complications

Persistent fluid leak from the site.

Infection (Peritonitis).

Hypotension (low blood pressure) due to rapid fluid shift.

Accidental bowel or bladder perforation (rare).

Search Description (SEO):

A comprehensive guide on Paracentesis procedure for medical students and professionals. Learn about its indications, step-by-step procedure, nursing interventions, and potential complications.

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