Sharpen Your Decision-Making with High-Yield Medical Scenarios
1. Scenario: A 62-year-old patient with a history of heart failure is admitted with pulmonary edema. The nurse is administering intravenous Furosemide.
Which clinical finding most accurately indicates the medication is achieving its intended therapeutic effect?
A. Reduction in systolic blood pressure.
B. Increase in urine output and decrease in lung crackles.
C. Serum potassium level of 4.2 mEq/L.
D. Improvement in the patient's appetite.
Rationale: (B) Furosemide is a loop diuretic used to reduce fluid overload. The clinical goal in pulmonary edema is to remove excess fluid from the lungs. Increased urine output and clearer breath sounds (decreased crackles) directly indicate successful diuresis and reduction of pulmonary congestion.
2. Scenario: A patient is diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the right calf.
Which nursing intervention is essential to prevent a life-threatening complication?
A. Massaging the affected calf to improve circulation.
B. Encouraging the patient to perform vigorous leg exercises.
C. Maintaining the patient on bed rest with the limb elevated.
D. Applying a cold compress to the site twice daily.
Rationale: (C) The primary complication of DVT is a Pulmonary Embolism (PE). Bed rest and elevation help prevent the dislodgment of the thrombus. (A) is strictly contraindicated as it can cause the clot to break loose and travel to the lungs.
3. Scenario: A nurse is caring for a patient post-abdominal surgery who has a Jackson-Pratt (JP) drain.
What is the correct method to maintain the patency and function of the suction?
A. Keeping the bulb fully inflated at all times.
B. Emptying the bulb only when it is 100% full.
C. Compressing the bulb after emptying to establish negative pressure.
D. Hanging the drain above the level of the surgical site.
Rationale: (C) JP drains work via negative pressure suction. To function, the bulb must be compressed (squeezed) before closing the cap. If the bulb is inflated, it is not active. It should be kept below the site to facilitate gravity-assisted drainage.
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