Gastritis (Nursing Notes)
गैस्ट्राइटिस: पेट की अंदरूनी सूजन और इसके कारण (Gastritis: Inflammation of Stomach Lining and Causes)
1. गैस्ट्राइटिस क्या है और यह क्यों होती है? / What is Gastritis and why does it occur?
2. गैस्ट्राइटिस के मुख्य कारण: क्यों और कैसे? / Main Causes of Gastritis: Why and How?
3. एक्यूट और क्रॉनिक गैस्ट्राइटिस में अंतर / Difference between Acute and Chronic Gastritis
4. नर्सिंग देखभाल और बचाव के तरीके / Nursing Care and Prevention
Definition
It is the inflammation of the gastric mucosa (stomach lining). It can be scattered or localized.
Acute Gastritis: Sudden onset, lasts for a short time (usually due to food poisoning or alcohol).
Chronic Gastritis: Long-term inflammation (usually due to H. Pylori infection).
2. Causes (Etiology)
H. Pylori Infection: The most common cause of chronic gastritis.
NSAIDs: Overuse of painkillers like Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac (they damage the stomach lining).
Diet: Excessive alcohol, spicy food, or caffeine.
Stress: Physical stress (burns, trauma, surgery) causes "Stress Ulcers."
Smoking: Increases acid secretion.
3. Pathophysiology (How it happens)
The protective mucosal barrier of the stomach is damaged.
HCL (Acid) and Pepsin come in contact with stomach tissue.
Inflammation and edema (swelling) occur.
If not treated, it can lead to ulceration or bleeding.
4. Clinical Manifestations (Signs & Symptoms)
Epigastric Pain: Burning sensation or discomfort in the upper abdomen.
Nausea and Vomiting: Very common.
Anorexia: Loss of appetite.
Sour Taste: In the mouth.
Fullness: Feeling full quickly after eating a little.
Hematemesis: Blood in vomit (if severe/erosive).
Melena: Black tarry stools (if bleeding is present).
5. Diagnostic Evaluation
Endoscopy (EGD): The gold standard test. The doctor puts a camera to see the lining and takes a biopsy.
Urea Breath Test: To check for H. Pylori bacteria.
Stool Test: To check for occult blood.
CBC: To check for anemia (low Hb) due to bleeding.
6. Medical Management
Antibiotics: (Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, Metronidazole) to kill H. Pylori.
PPIs (Proton Pump Inhibitors): To stop acid production (e.g., Pantoprazole, Omeprazole).
H2 Blockers: To reduce acid (e.g., Ranitidine, Famotidine).
Antacids: To neutralize acid immediately (e.g., Digene, Sucralfate).
7. Nursing Management & Care
NPO Status: Keep patient NPO (Nil Per Oral) if nausea/vomiting is severe to rest the stomach.
IV Fluids: To prevent dehydration (RL or NS).
Diet Progression:
Start with clear liquids (water, juice).
Then full liquids.
Then Bland Diet (boiled food, khichdi, curd).
Avoid Irritants: Strictly NO alcohol, smoking, caffeine (coffee/tea), and spicy/oily food.
Monitor for Bleeding: Watch for tachycardia (high pulse) or hypotension (low BP), which indicates internal bleeding.
Education: Tell the patient not to take NSAIDs (painkillers) on an empty stomach.
About the Author
Deepak Kumar is an MSc Nursing Officer and ICU Expert with 3 years of clinical experience. He is the founder of Bexyhub.in, a digital ecosystem dedicated to high-level medical research and practical healthcare education. Deepak specializes in translating complex physiological data into unique, experience-driven content that provides a competitive edge to healthcare practitioners and students alike.
दीपक कुमार एक MSc नर्सिंग ऑफिसर और ICU विशेषज्ञ हैं, जिन्हें 3 साल का क्लिनिकल अनुभव प्राप्त है। वे Bexyhub.in के संस्थापक हैं, जो उच्च-स्तरीय मेडिकल रिसर्च और व्यावहारिक शिक्षा के लिए समर्पित एक डिजिटल नेटवर्क है। दीपक जटिल शारीरिक डेटा को ऐसे अनुभव-आधारित कंटेंट में बदलने में माहिर हैं, जो मेडिकल छात्रों और प्रोफेशनल्स को सबसे सटीक और व्यावहारिक जानकारी प्रदान करता है।
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