A joint is a place in the human body where two or more bones meet. Without joints, our skeleton would be rigid and we wouldn't be able to move, bend, or rotate our limbs. In these notes, we will explore how joints are classified based on their structure and the movement they allow."
In the human body, joints are primarily classified into three types based on the amount of movement they allow:
1. Fibrous Joints (Immovable)
These joints are held together by tough, fibrous connective tissue. They do not allow any movement between the bones.
Primary Function: Protection and stability.
Example: Sutures of the skull (the lines where the bones of the head join).
2. Cartilaginous Joints (Slightly Movable)
In these joints, the bones are connected by cartilage. They allow for limited or slight movement.
Primary Function: Flexibility and shock absorption.
Example: Intervertebral Discs in the spine and the connection between the ribs and the sternum.
3. Synovial Joints (Freely Movable)
These are the most common and complex joints in the body. They contain a space called the synovial cavity filled with Synovial Fluid, which acts as a lubricant to reduce friction.
Types of Synovial Joints:
Ball and Socket Joint: Allows movement in all directions (e.g., Shoulder and Hip joints).
Hinge Joint: Allows movement in only one plane, like a door hinge (e.g., Knee and Elbow joints).
Pivot Joint: Allows for rotation (e.g., the joint in the neck that allows the head to turn).
Gliding Joint: Allows bones to glide over one another (e.g., Carpals in the wrist).
Saddle Joint: Provides a wide range of motion (e.g., the base of the Thumb).
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